Method of fabricating hydraulic presses

ABSTRACT

Heavy gauge plate steel is formed into a weld-completed hollow cylinder which is longer than the desired length of one finished press enclosure part but shorter than the combined lengths of two such parts. Four 90* displaced longitudinal separation slots are cut in a central region of the cylinder. Thereafter two pairs of displaced circumferential separation slots are cut at the ends of the longitudinal slots to divide the cylinder into two identical segments, each comprising an annular end portion and two opposed, longitudinally extending arcuate portions. Each of the two segments provides the lateral enclosure structure for a heavy duty hydraulic press.

United States Patent 11 1 [111 3,881,239 Coulter et al. May 6, 1975 METHOD OF FABRICATING HYDRAULIC 3,711,915 1/1973 Maxon et al 29/412 PRESSES Primary Examiner-Al Lawrence Smith [75] Inventors: E s i Assistant ExaminerRobert C. Watson i 6 urc Attorney, Agent, or FirmSt. Onge, Mayers, Steward uya oga a s, 10 & Reens [73] Assignee: Teledyne, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. [22] Filed: Jan. 28, 1974 [57] ABSTRACT Heavy gauge plate steel 15 formed into a weldl PP N093 437,359 completed hollow cylinder which is longer than the desired length of one finished press enclosure part but 52 s Cl 29 41 29 4 100 2 9 R shorter than the combined lengths of tWO such parts. 51 1m. (:1 B23lp 17/00; 83% 1/32 displaced longitudinal separatm" Slots are [58] Field of Search 29/412 415 416 417 cut in a central region of the cylinder. Thereafter two 29/475 6 /21 pairs of displaced circumferential separation slots are cut at the ends of the longitudinal slots to divide the [56] References Cited cylinder into two identical segments, each comprising an annular end portion and two opposed, longitudi- UNITED STATES PATENTS nally extending arcuate portions. Each of the two seg- 2 x et ments provides the lateral enclosure structure for a u er 2,957,226 10/1960 Dibner... 29 412 heavy duty hydrauhc press 3,186,063 6/1965 Dopp 29/415 3 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures I III 25 I Z 5 l l+ l 5? I 69 5 69 S 52 10- Z P X 2 10 I 4 10cc 4 1 7 a4 w P 55 Q I II 1 I I I 4Z5 PATENTEDMAY 6l975 SHEET 10F 4 PATENIEBHAY 61975 3.881.239

sum 2 c? 4 JJJ 10cc METHOD OF FABRICATING HYDRAULIC PRESSES BACKGROUND In connection with hydraulic ram presses, as used, for example, in injection-molding, advantage has been recognized in the use of curved side plates for defining the space within which the molding operation takes place. Thus, US. Pat. No. 2,654,310, granted Oct. 6, 1953 in the name of .I. A. Muller, describes such a construction and further describes a method of producing curved side plates by casting a number of such plates in a generally cylindrical four-part assembly which is then subdivided to provide four separate plates.

As higher and higher total ram pressures have been called for, the cost of press manufacture, using the foregoing and other preexisting modes of fabrication, has tended to rise exponentially and to approach unacceptable levels. The present invention provides a method for use in manufacturing curved side-wall presses which realizes both extremely high compression possibilities and tolerable cost ratios. In broadest terms, these results are achieved by fabricating high strength steel plates into windowed side-wall assemblies by a process which achieves very complete utilization of this relatively expensive starting material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention, heavy gauge plate steel is procured in a rectangular configuration, one edge dimension of which is greater than the desired length of one finished side-wall enclosure part, but less than the combined lengths of two such parts. The second (orthogonal) edge dimension is chosen such that when that edge is formed into circular configuration, the diameter of the resulting circle will correspond to the desired diameter of the press enclosure. The plate so chosen is then rolled, for example, by a ring roller, into a hollow cylinder the end boundaries of which are defined by the orthogonal edges referred to in the preceding sentence. The remaining edges which will have been brought into abutment or near abutment by the rolling operation are then continuously welded so that the cylinder forms a complete enclosure.

As a further fabricating step, the invention prescribes cutting, in a region of the cylinder between its ends, four similarly dimensioned longitudinally extending separation slots which (1) are 90 displaced from one another about the circumference of the cylinder and (2) terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots. This necessarily leaves an uncut annular band at each end of the cylinder, the two bands being of similar extent in the direction of the axis of the cylinder.

Next, at one end of the slotted region of the cylinder, a first arcuate separation slot is cut between the extremities of two adjacent longitudinal slots, and a second arcuate separation slot is cut between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along this second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first arcuate slot. Finally, at the other end of the slotted region, a third arcuate separation slot is cut between the ends of two adjacent longitudinal slots in such a location that every point along the third slot is ninety degrees displaced from a corresponding point along each of the two previously mentioned slots, and a fourth arcuate separation slot is cut between the ends of the remaining two longitudinal slots in such a location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot. By the totality of these steps the welded cylinder will have been cut into two identical enclosure parts, each of which comprises a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extending arcuate portions which are separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the arcuate portions themselves. Each of these parts can then be combined with the other elements of a heavy duty hydraulic press to provide a windowed curved wall enclosure for the region in the compression operation is to take place. By this means no waste of the plate material will have occurred, and a press frame of very high compression capability will have been provided at an economically tolerable cost.

Details of the invention may best be understood by reference to the following specification, taken in connection with the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a press enclosure in which the lateral wall structure illustrates the end use of the product of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a section taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a piece of boiler plate to which the invention is to be applied; and

FIGS. 6 through 10 illustrate successive steps in the practice of the invention.

Referring to FIG. I, there is shown (in combination with certain appurtenances to be described) a windowed cylindrical press enclosure 10 which exemplifies the end use result application of the present invention. As will further appear, this enclosure comprises a lower annular part 10a merging into two upwardly extending arcuate parts 10b and 10c which are formed integrally with the annular part. The part 10a has a floor plate 12 which is welded or otherwise fixedly attached to it. Together, the parts 10a and 12 constitute the action chamber for a hydraulically driven cylindrical ram 15, shown schematically as having a fluid-tight packing ring 16 fitted against the interior wall of the annulus 10a. The ram has a heavy gauge cap or platen 17 welded or otherwise solidly attached to it at its upper end, and this is centrally braced by transverse vertical wall members 19 (see FIG. 4) which are seated on a lower floor plate 21. Since the details of construction of these parts are not material to the present invention, they need not be further described.

The top of the lateral enclosure as so far described is closed by a press head 25 formed with a strengthening grid 27 on its upper surface (see FIG. 3). This press head is locked in annular grooves formed in the upper interior surface of the arcuate wall parts 101: and 100, as indicated at 28b and 28c. Introduction of projecting edge portions of the press head 25 into the grooves 28b and 28c is accomplished by a rotary motion of the press head during assembly of the press structure, suitably secured assembly retaining blocks being shown at 30 in FIG. 3. However, as this feature of the press forms no part of the present invention, its details will not be further described.

As appears most clearly in FIGS. 1 and 4, the arcuate wall parts 10b and 10c only partially enclose the region that lies between them. That is to say, the edges lbb of the part b, taken with the corresponding edges 10cc of the part 100, form between them a pair of windows of the dimensions indicated by the central unobstructed space in FIG. 2. Each window is bounded at its upper end by the press head 25, and the upper extremities of the arcuate parts are enclosed within a reinforcing ring 45 which effectively restrains them from any lateral movement.

In the base portion of the press assembly, ports 48a and 48b are provided for the introduction and venting of hydraulic fluid for actuating the ram 15. As will be seen, high pressure fluid introduced through either of these ports will act upon the under surface of the ram platen 17 so as to move it in the upward direction. It is, of course, the function of the press assembly to apply compressive force to items which have introduced between the ram platen l7 and the press head through the window opening Q (FIG. 2). (Such items may comprise, for example, rubber extrusion assemblies which have been inserted through the window 40 and supported on the platen 17 in the central region of the press enclosure.) Moreover, consistent with the objectives of the present invention, it may be assumed that the pressure to be applied to the press load will be not less than 1000 pounds per square inch (1000 psi) and may be as high as 2500 psi. The enormous forces generated by such pressures have a powerful tendency to tilt the platen 17, particularly if the load is not perfectly centered, and thus to distort the axial path of the ram assembly, with resulting damage both to the load and the press. To minimize the possibility of such an occurrence, the arcuate wall parts 10b and 10c are provided with central, vertically extending guide slots having bounding walls 50b and 50c as indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4. These guide slots are lined with pads 52 of a suitable bearing metal (e.g.Ampco 18 Bronze) and are outwardly framed-in by vertical plates 54 welded or otherwise secured to mounting strips 56 which, in turn, are strongly attached, as by welding, to the outer surfaces of the arcuate enclosure parts 10b and 100. Bearing pads 58 are also applied to the inner surfaces of the plates 54.

Riding in the trough-shaped track provided by the bearing pads 52 and 58 are steel shoes 60 of rectangular cross-section which terminate at their lower ends in integrally formed quide plate 62. These plates have arcuate outer surfaces (see FIG. 4) so that they fit snugly against the interior surfaces of the enclosure parts 10b and 10c. They are additionally braced against flexion with respect to the vertical shoes 60 by flared triangular bracing members 66 and are rigidly secured to the upper surface of the platen 17 by interposed weld plates 68 (FIG. 2). Cut-out areas 69 are formed in the press head 25 of such shape as to accommodate the upward motion of the shoes 60 if the platen 17 reaches this extreme of travel. By these provisions, including the confinement of the shoes 60 to the vertical channel defined by the bearing pads 52 and 58, the platen 17 is virtually precluded, during its travel, from any deflection from a strictly vertical course of movement. It will be understood that the vertical slots formed in the arcuate wall parts 10b and IOC may also be used as ingress ports for energy supply to heating means (either steam or electrical) for load assemblies supported on the platen 12 which require such servicing.

The utility of all of the foregoing details of construction is predicated upon the achievement within the press enclosure of total pressures materially above those heretofore realizable in this type of press at acceptable levels of cost. A factor which has militated against permissible cost ratios at super-high operating pressures has been the inherently great expense of fabricating adequate lateral enclosure structures by preexisting production methods. The present invention overcomes this obstacle by an approach which facilitates the use for enclosure purposes of extremely high strength (but correspondingly high cost) material by achieving almost zero wastage of such material in the fabricating process.

Specifically, the process starts with steel boiler plate of such high gauge and quality that its cost has heretofore been thought to preclude its use in the pressmaking art. As a specific example, the invention permits successful and economically tolerable use of 5 inch A-36 Commercial Grade boiler plate, such plate having a rated yield strength of 36,000 pounds per square inch and an ultimate strength of 70,000 psi. With such materials, a press having an internal diameter of 54 inches and capable of developing a total pressure of from 1200 to 1300 tons is being produced, and even larger diameters appear possible.

As a starting point toward fabricating a press enclosure such as that just described by use of the present invention, one begins with a rectangular piece of boiler plate steel (for example, of the specification described above) and having dimensions on one edge corresponding to the inner circumference of the press enclosure to be formed. Thus, for a press enclosure having an internal diameter of 54 inches as suggested above, the required edge dimension of the beginning structure would be approximately 170 inches. The configuration of such a structure is suggested by the rectangular plate shown in FIG. 5, in which the edge 81 is shown as having the dimension 'rrD, where D is the desired internal diameter of the finished enclosure. For reasons which will appear in connection with discussion of FIGS. 8 through 10 of the drawings, the orthogonal edge 82, that is to say, the edge which is perpendicular to 81, will have a dimension which is greater than the desired length of one finished side-wall enclosure but less than the combined lengths of two such parts. What this length will be in a particular case will, of course, depend on the axial dimensions and desired range of travel of the movable ram and platen.

As a second step in the recommended process, the plate 80 is formed into a cylinder by known means as, for example, by use of a ring-roller as suggested schematically in FIG. 6. Here, the roller 85 is assumed to have an up-and-down capability to enable it to coact in the desired fashion will cooperating stationary rollers 87 and 88. FIG. 6 shows the rolling process in its final stage, with the plate 80 being converted to a cylindrical configuration in such a way that the edges 82 are brought into abutting relationship along a line of interior contact. At this point, the line of contact is tack welded (a step not shown), and thereafter the wedgeshaped gap 90 (FIG. 6) is filled with weld metal as indicated at 92 in FIG. 7. The latter welding operating is carried out in such fashion that the welded plate 80 comprises in effect a complete cylinder 80a of substantially uniform strength'throughout its circumferential extent.

The next step in accordance with the invention (although there may be some variation in order of procedure from this point forward) is that indicated in'FIG. 8. As there shown, the fully formed cylinder 80a is so cut as to provide, in a region of the cylinder intermediate between its ends, a succession of four similarly dimensioned separation slots which are ninety degrees displaced from one another about the circumference of the cylinder and terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each slot and is also the same for each end of the individual slots. These slots are designated by the numeral 95, and the final slot is shown as being cut by a cutting wheel 97 (e.g. a diamond impregnated disk), although other cutting means may also be employed. This procedure obviously leaves an uncut annular band at each end of the cylinder, the two bands being of similar extent in the direction of the axis of the cylinder.

The next step, illustrated in FIG. 9, comprises cutting, at one end of the slotted region of the cylinder 80, a first arcuate separation slot (for example, the slot 98a) extending between the extremities of two adjacent ones of longitudinal slots 90. Following this (subject to obvious allowable variations in procedure), a second arcuate slot 98b is cut between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first arcuate slot. Finally, two further slots 98c and 98d are cut between the other extremities of the longitudinal slot pairs in such circumferentially displaced relation to the slots 98a and 98b as to complete the separation of the cylinder 80a into two identically shaped halves 800a and 80ab as shown in FIG. 10. It will be seen that each of these halves comprises an annular end part supporting two longitudinally extending arcuate parts, each of which subtends a circumferential arc of ninety degrees and each pair of which provides between them two open window areas of ninety degree subtendance, each of these corresponding to the window 40 of FIG. 2.

In accordance with the invention, either of the parts 80aa and 80ab may be used as the press enclosure structure of FIG. 1. Otherwise stated, the two parts taken together provide a pair of identical windowed enclosures, each of which can be employed in the construction of a heavy duty press. As a result, the high cost boiler plate represented in FIG. 5 will have been fully utilized, with no significant amount of its material content having been lost in the fabricating process. Moreover, because of the high quality of the materials made practical for use by the invention, presses of very large ram diameter may be produced with a resulting reduction in the pounds per square inch of hydraulic pressure required. This in turn simplifies many problems of hydraulic fluid supply.

It will be understood, of course, that on its way to final utilization, either of the parts 80aa and 80ab may be subjected to further machining operations in order to add the structural details described in connection with the completed press shown in FIGS. 1 through 4. However, these operations form no essential part of the novel process of the present invention and therefore need not be further described in connection with it.

While, for purposes of illustration, the invention has been explained in connection with specific materials and specific dimensions of parts, it will be understood that these are not limiting and that the following claims are to be construed in accordance with the true spirit and scope of the foregoing disclosure.

What is claimed is: l. The method of fabricating enclosure parts for heavy duty presses from beginning stock comprising a rectangular steel plate having the length of one pair of parallel edges greater than the desired length of one finished enclosure part but shorter than the combined length of two such parts and having the length of the orthogonal edges substantially equal to the desired internal circumference of the finished enclosure, with method comprises A. forming the steel plate into a hollow cylinder in which the said orthogonal edges define the ends of the cylinder and in which the first-mentioned pair of edges are in abutting contact; B. welding the abutting edges to complete the continuity of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow cylinder; C. in a region of the cylinder between its ends cutting four identically dimensioned longitudinally extending separation slots which 1. are displaced from one another about the circumference of the cylinder and 2. terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots, whereby identical uncut annular bands are left at each end of the cylinder; D. at one end of the slotted region 1. cutting a first circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the corresponding ends of two adjacent longitudinal slots and 2. cutting a second circumferential separation slot between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along the second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first slot; E. at the other end of the slotted region 1. cutting a third circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the ends of two adjacent longitudinally extending slots in such a location that every point along the third slot is 90 circumferentially displaced from a corresponding point along each of the two previously mentioned circumferential slots, and finally 2. cutting a fourth circumferential separation slot between the ends of the remaining two longitudinally extending slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot, whereby the cylinder is separated into two identical enclosure parts, each comprising a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extending segmental portions which are connected to the end portion and separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the segmental portions themselves.

2. The method of fabricating enclosure parts for heavy duty hydraulic presses from stock comprising an elongated hollow cylinder that is longer than the desired length of one finished enclosure part but shorter than the combined length of two such parts, which method comprises (without regard to the order of the steps specified) the following:

A. in a region of the cylinder between its ends cutting four identically dimensioned longitudinally extending separation slots which 1. are 90 displaced from one another about the circumference of the cylinder and 2. terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots, whereby identical uncut annular bands are left at each end of the cylinder; B. at one end of the slotted region 1. cutting a first circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the corresponding ends of two adjacent longitudinal slots and 2. cutting a second circumferential separation slot between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along the second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first slot; C. at the other end of the slotted region 1. cutting a third circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the ends of two adjacent longitudinally extending slots in such a location that every point along the third slot is 90 circumferentially displaced from a corresponding point along each of the two previously mentioned circumferential slots, and finally 2. cutting a fourth circumferential separation slot between the ends of the remaining two longitudinally extending slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot, whereby the cylinder is separated into two identical enclosure parts, each comprising a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extending segmental portions which are connected to the end portion and separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the segmental portions themselves.

3. The method of fabricating enclosure parts for heavy duty hydraulic presses, which method comprises A. forming plate steel of at least several inches of thickness into a weldcompleted hollow cylinder which is longer than the desired length of one finished enclosure part but shorter than the combined length of two such parts; B. in a region of the cylinder between its ends cutting four identically dimensioned longitudinally extending separation slots which 1. are displaced from one another about the circumference of the cylinder and 2. terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots, whereby identical uncut annular bands are left at each end of the cylinder; C. at one end of the slotted region 1. cutting a first circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the corresponding end of two adjacent longitudinal slots and 2. cutting a second circumferential separation slot between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along the second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first slot; D. at the other end of the slotted region 1. cutting a third circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the ends of two adjacent longitudinally extending slots in such a location that every point along the third slot is 90 circumferentially displaced from a corresponding point along each of the two previously mentioned circumferential slots, and finally 2. cutting a fourth circumferential separation slot between the ends of the remaining two longitudinally extending slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot, whereby the cylinder is separated into two identical enclosure parts, each comprising a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extending segmental portions which are connected to the end portion and separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the segmental portions themselves. 

1. The method of fabricating enclosure parts for heavy duty presses from beginning stock comprising a rectangular steel plate having the length of one pair of parallel edges greater than the desired length of one finished enclosure part but shorter than the combined length of two such parts and having the length of the orthogonal edges substantially equal to the desired internal circumference of the finished enclosure, with method comprises A. forming the steel plate into a hollow cylinder in which the said orthogonal edges define the ends of the cylinder and in which the first-mentioned pair of edges are in abutting contact; B. welding the abutting edges to complete the contInuity of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow cylinder; C. in a region of the cylinder between its ends cutting four identically dimensioned longitudinally extending separation slots which
 1. are 90* displaced from one another about the circumference of the cylinder and
 2. terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots, whereby identical uncut annular bands are left at each end of the cylinder; D. at one end of the slotted region
 1. cutting a first circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the corresponding ends of two adjacent longitudinal slots and
 2. cutting a second circumferential separation slot between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along the second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first slot; E. at the other end of the slotted region
 1. cutting a third circumferential separation slot in the cylinder between the ends of two adjacent longitudinally extending slots in such a location that every point along the third slot is 90* circumferentially displaced from a corresponding point along each of the two previously mentioned circumferential slots, and finally
 2. cutting a fourth circumferential separation slot between the ends of the remaining two longitudinally extending slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot, whereby the cylinder is separated into two identical enclosure parts, each comprising a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extending segmental portions which are connected to the end portion and separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the segmental portions themselves.
 2. terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots, whereby identical uncut annular bands are left at each end of the cylinder; D. at one end of the slotted region
 2. cutting a second circumferential separation slot between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along the second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first slot; E. at the other end of the slotted region
 2. cutting a fourth circumferential separation slot between the ends of the remaining two longitudinally extending slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot, whereby the cylinder is separated into two identical enclosure parts, each comprising a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extending segmental portions which are connected to the end portion and separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the segmental portions themselves.
 2. The method of fabricating enclosure parts for heavy duty hydraulic presses from stock comprising an elongated hollow cylinder that is longer than the desired length of one finished enclosure part but shorter than the combined length of two such parts, which method comprises (without regard to the order of the steps specified) the following: A. in a region of the cylinder between its ends cutting four identically dimensioned longitudinally extending separation slots which
 2. terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots, whereby identical uncut annular bands are left at each end of the cylinder; B. at one end of the slotted region
 2. cutting a second circumferential separation slot between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along the second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first slot; C. at the other end of the slotted region
 2. cutting a fourth circumferential separation slot between the ends of the remaining two longitudinally extending slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot, whereby the cylinder is separated into two identical enclosure parts, each comprising a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extending segmental portions which are connected to the end portion and separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the segmental portions themselves.
 2. cutting a second circumferential separation slot between the other two longitudinal slots in such location that every point along the second slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the first slot; D. at the other end of the slotted region
 2. terminate at each end at a distance from the corresponding end of the cylinder which is the same for each of the slots and is also the same for each end of the individual slots, whereby identical uncut annular bands are left at each end of the cylinder; C. at one end of the slotted region
 2. cutting a fourth circumferential separation slot between the ends of the remaining two longitudinally extending slots in such location that every point along this slot is diametrically opposed to a corresponding point along the third slot, whereby the cylinder is separated into two identical enclosure parts, each comprising a solid annular end portion and two opposed longitudinally extendinG segmental portions which are connected to the end portion and separated by openings similar in form and dimensions to the segmental portions themselves.
 3. The method of fabricating enclosure parts for heavy duty hydraulic presses, which method comprises A. forming plate steel of at least several inches of thickness into a weld-completed hollow cylinder which is longer than the desired length of one finished enclosure part but shorter than the combined length of two such parts; B. in a region of the cylinder between its ends cutting four identically dimensioned longitudinally extending separation slots which 